V angleščini lahko poved oblikujemo v dveh oblikah: tvornik (Active Voice) in trpnik (Passive Voice).
Potrebuješ inštruktorico za individualno učenje angleščine prilagojeno tvojim željam, potrebam in tempu?
Rezerviraj termin za inštrukcije angleščine.
- Tvornik (Active Voice): Poudarek je na osebi ali stvari, ki izvaja dejanje.
- Mike baked a chocolate cake yesterday. (Mike je včeraj spekel čokoladno torto.)
- Trpnik (Passive Voice): Poudarek je na dejanju ali na tistem, kar je bilo narejeno.
- A chocolate cake was baked (by Mike) yesterday. (Čokoladna torta je bila včeraj spečena.)
Kako tvorimo trpnik?
Trpnik sestavimo s pomočjo glagola “be” v ustreznem času in tretje oblike glagola (past participle):
BE (v pravem času) + -ED / 3. oblika glagola
! Če gre za Continuous čas, dodamo “being”.
Oblike trpnika v različnih časih:
| Čas | Aktivna oblika | Pasivna oblika |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They build houses. | Houses are built. |
| Past Simple | They built a house. | A house was built. |
| Present Continuous | They are building a house. | A house is being built. |
| Past Continuous | They were building a house. | A house was being built. |
| Present Perfect | They have built a house. | A house has been built. |
| Past Perfect | They had built a house. | A house had been built. |
| Will Future | They will build a house. | A house will be built. |
| Going to Future | They are going to build a house. | A house is going to be built. |
| Modalni glagoli | They must build a house. | A house must be built. |
Kdaj uporabljamo trpnik?
- Ko ne vemo, kdo izvaja dejanje:
- A new road was built last year.
- Ko poudarjamo dogodek in ne izvajalca:
- The book was written in 1950.
- Ko je izvajalec nepomemben ali očiten:
- The rules must be followed.
Uporaba “by”
V trpnem stavku izvajalca dodamo z “by”, če želimo poudariti, kdo je izvedel dejanje:
- The painting was painted by Van Gogh.
Če izvajalec ni pomemben, ga običajno izpustimo.
Osebni zaimki v trpnem stavku (passivu)
V trpnem stavku se osebni zaimki spremenijo glede na njihovo vlogo v stavku. Če je zaimek na začetku povedi, ostane v imenovalniku (kdo/kaj?). Če nastopa kot predmet, preide v tožilnik/dajalnik (koga/kaj? / komu/čemu?).
| IMENOVALNIK (kdo/kaj?) | DAJALNIK / TOŽILNIK (komu/čemu?) (koga/kaj?) |
|---|---|
| he | him |
| she | her |
| it | it |
| you | you |
| we | us |
| they | them |
Primer:
Passive: He was invited to the party.
Active: They invited him to the party.
Razlaga za passive v angleščini je povzeta v spodnjih zapiskih, ki jih lahko preneseš in natisneš.
Imaš še kakšno vprašanje ali pomislek, želiš dodatno razlago in še več vaj?
Rezerviraj termin za inštrukcije angleščine.
